Key Points

• Decree 277 extends a 60-day emergency to nine provinces and three cantons after a sharp rise in killings.
• It relaxes limits on home searches and data surveillance, seeking faster raids and better intelligence against armed groups.
• The expanded map now covers ports, coastal corridors, tourist hubs, and Quito’s region, reshaping risks for travel and business.

Ecuador is again governing under emergency rules, and the new geography shows why officials escalated.

On December 31, 2025, President Daniel Noboa signed Executive Decree 277, declaring a 60-day state of exception.

It covers Guayas, Manabí, Santa Elena, Los Ríos, El Oro, Pichincha, Esmeraldas, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, and Sucumbíos.

It also includes La Maná in Cotopaxi, plus Las Naves and Echeandía in Bolívar. The decree replaced a narrower state of exception issued in November, widening the operational footprint in weeks.

The government argues violence is surging inside these territories, and that national stability now depends on containing them.

Police figures cited in the decree list 1,232 intentional homicide victims in the provinces from November 1 to December 23, 2025.

Officials add five more victims in the three cantons during the same November–December window. In the same file, authorities say the covered provinces account for 92.1% of national violence.

That concentration explains the sweeping map, but it also signals how uneven the crisis has become. The decree makes searches easier by suspending protections for the home and for private correspondence.

Ecuador’s Expanding Emergency Powers Show How Fast The Crime Map Is Moving

Authorities may enter when they claim objective, reasonable indications that armed-group members are inside, or contraband is stored there.

The text highlights weapons, explosives, and drugs, and treats rented houses as common short-term logistics sites.

It also permits targeted collection and analysis of communications data, but only when officials deem it strictly necessary.

Each case must be justified individually, linking the request to preventing or neutralizing a specific threat.

The government also itemizes where violence is accelerating compared with the same period in 2024.

Los Ríos is cited up 71%, Santo Domingo up 73%, Pichincha up 27%, El Oro up 25%, and Manabí up 18%.

Guayas still adds the largest absolute number of additional deaths, which keeps the coast at the center.

Military reporting in the file logged 1,842 alerts in December, with nearly half in Guayas.
Pichincha and Los Ríos followed, reinforcing the sense of pressure moving inland and toward the capital corridor.

Behind the numbers sits a blunt claim: criminal groups are spreading from coastal routes into commercial centers and Quito’s region.

Reports tied to the decree describe explosive attacks, armed assaults in public spaces, and threats aimed at judges.

They also describe rented homes used as refuges, planning sites, and kidnapping holds that can shift quickly across districts.

For investors, residents, and travelers, the message is uncomfortable: the state is trading civil-liberty protections for speed.

Leaders are betting that faster raids and broader intelligence powers can reclaim ground after years of permissive governance.

Whether it works will shape Ecuador’s 2026 business climate, tourism recovery, and the credibility of its security institutions.