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Leading fossil fuel exportGlobal sales for coal exports from all countries totaled US$125 billion in 2025.
The worldwide value of coal exports slowed to an average 1.3% for all exporting countries since 2021 when overall coal shipments were valued at $123.5 billion.
From 2024 to 2025, the value of exported coal shrank by -21.8% starting from $160 billion.
The 5 biggest exporters of coal are Australia, Indonesia, Russia, United States of America, and Mongolia. Collectively, those 5 countries shipped 81.7% of the total value of coal sold on international markets during 2025.
From a continental perspective, coal exported from Oceania (Australia and New Zealand only) amounted to $43.7 billion or 34.9% of worldwide coal sales. Exporters located in Asia generated 26.6% worth of these international fossil fuel sales, trailed by suppliers in Europe at 16.8% then suppliers from North America at 12.3%.
Smaller percentages came from coal exporters in Africa (5.9%) and Latin America (3.5%) excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean.
For research purposes, the 4-digit Harmonized Tariff System code prefix is 2701 for coal. Those digits encompass briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal.
Below are the 15 countries that exported the highest dollar value worth of coal during 2025.
- Australia: US$43.7 billion (34.9% of total coal exports)
- Indonesia: $24.5 billion (19.6%)
- Russia: $18.5 billion (14.8%)
- United States: $10 billion (8%)
- Mongolia: $5.6 billion (4.4%)
- South Africa: $5.5 billion (4.4%)
- Canada: $5.4 billion (4.3%)
- Colombia: $4.1 billion (3.3%)
- Mozambique: $1.5 billion (1.2%)
- mainland China: $951.7 million (0.8%)
- Poland: $834.5 million (0.7%)
- Netherlands: $802.7 million (0.6%)
- United Arab Emirates: $657.2 million (0.5%)
- Kazakhstan: $609.6 million (0.5%)
- Philippines: $320.7 million (0.3%)
By value, the listed 15 countries shipped 98.3% of globally exported coal in 2025.
Among the top exporters, the growth coal exporters from 2024 to 2025 were the United Arab Emirates (up 15,910%) and Kazakhstan (up 1.1%).
Those countries that posted declines in their exported coal sales were led by: Philippines (down -37.8% from 2024), Mongolia (down -34.8%), Colombia (down -32%), United States of America (down -29.9%) and mainland China (down -25.2%).
You can change the presentation order by clicking the triangle icon at the top of any of the columns below. The right-most column highlights the change in value of globally exported coal in 2025 compared to 2024.
| 1 | Australia | $43,659,804,000 | -21.8% |
| 2 | Indonesia | $24,482,765,000 | -19.7% |
| 3 | Russia | $18,473,559,000 | -18.9% |
| 4 | United States | $9,970,683,000 | -29.9% |
| 5 | Mongolia | $5,560,716,000 | -34.8% |
| 6 | South Africa | $5,547,713,000 | -11.9% |
| 7 | Canada | $5,374,527,000 | -23.9% |
| 8 | Colombia | $4,091,466,000 | -32% |
| 9 | Mozambique | $1,542,184,000 | -11.9% |
| 10 | mainland China | $951,740,000 | -25.2% |
| 11 | Poland | $834,512,000 | -7.1% |
| 12 | Netherlands | $802,717,000 | -16.6% |
| 13 | United Arab Emirates | $657,213,000 | +15910% |
| 14 | Kazakhstan | $609,612,000 | +1.1% |
| 15 | Philippines | $320,660,000 | -37.8% |
| 16 | Czech Republic | $215,099,000 | -24.3% |
| 17 | Vietnam | $207,168,000 | +28.9% |
| 18 | Peru | $194,276,000 | +2% |
| 19 | India | $168,733,000 | -28% |
| 20 | Belgium | $160,582,000 | -33.9% |
| 21 | Tanzania | $151,119,000 | +18.7% |
| 22 | United Kingdom | $140,511,000 | -42.8% |
| 23 | Germany | $121,031,000 | -41.4% |
| 24 | Spain | $113,747,000 | -18.5% |
| 25 | Afghanistan | $87,701,000 | -1.2% |
| 26 | Venezuela | $56,746,000 | -21.4% |
| 27 | Kyrgyzstan | $56,246,000 | +6.7% |
| 28 | Eswatini | $53,545,000 | -33.3% |
| 29 | Türkiye | $51,848,000 | +15.9% |
| 30 | France | $46,652,000 | -7.4% |
| 31 | Italy | $42,334,000 | +84.4% |
| 32 | Zambia | $33,440,000 | +87.8% |
| 33 | Botswana | $30,912,000 | -1.1% |
| 34 | Tajikistan | $29,164,000 | +347.4% |
| 35 | Ireland | $27,536,000 | -18.9% |
| 36 | Zimbabwe | $22,518,000 | +63.5% |
| 37 | Egypt | $16,738,000 | -22.2% |
| 38 | Finland | $16,565,000 | 0% |
| 39 | New Zealand | $14,456,000 | -21% |
| 40 | Denmark | $14,435,000 | +110.4% |
| 41 | Croatia | $14,262,000 | +98.9% |
| 42 | Lithuania | $13,785,000 | -4.5% |
| 43 | Bahamas | $9,990,000 | 0% |
| 44 | Thailand | $6,041,000 | -46% |
| 45 | Iran | $5,566,000 | -61% |
| 46 | Laos | $5,325,000 | -96.3% |
| 47 | Slovenia | $4,864,000 | +377.3% |
| 48 | US Minor Outlying Is | $4,144,000 | 0% |
| 49 | Nigeria | $3,607,000 | -40.4% |
| 50 | Bulgaria | $2,709,000 | -75.9% |
| 51 | Romania | $2,707,000 | -30.8% |
| 52 | Namibia | $1,933,000 | -87.6% |
| 53 | Japan | $1,444,000 | +13.3% |
| 54 | Chile | $1,302,000 | +9915% |
| 55 | Slovakia | $1,271,000 | -94.3% |
| 56 | Kenya | $1,107,000 | +172% |
| 57 | Ukraine | $1,088,000 | -97% |
| 58 | Bahrain | $917,000 | +91600% |
| 59 | Sri Lanka | $730,000 | 0% |
| 60 | Serbia | $679,000 | +25% |
| 61 | Taiwan | $664,000 | +11% |
| 62 | Portugal | $545,000 | +5955.6% |
| 63 | Malaysia | $353,000 | -98.5% |
| 64 | Latvia | $277,000 | -84.9% |
| 65 | Sweden | $235,000 | +2511% |
| 66 | Brazil | $183,000 | -20.4% |
| 67 | Singapore | $182,000 | -8.1% |
| 68 | Hungary | $126,000 | +404% |
| 69 | Morocco | $117,000 | +3800% |
| 70 | South Korea | $112,000 | -48.1% |
| 71 | Austria | $101,000 | +248.3% |
| 72 | Saudi Arabia | $93,000 | -66.4% |
| 73 | Oman | $88,000 | +91.3% |
| 74 | Dominican Republic | $52,000 | -50% |
| 75 | Bosnia/Herzegovina | $27,000 | -85.1% |
| 76 | Luxembourg | $20,000 | +66.7% |
| 77 | Greece | $18,000 | -70.5% |
| 78 | Algeria | $14,000 | 0% |
| 79 | Switzerland | $13,000 | -91.9% |
| 80 | Bangladesh | $10,000 | 0% |
| 81 | Hong Kong | $7,000 | 0% |
| 82 | St Vincent/Grenadines | $7,000 | -41.7% |
| 83 | Jordan | $6,000 | -57.1% |
| 84 | Malta | $4,000 | 0% |
| 85 | Uzbekistan | $3,000 | -99.9% |
| 86 | Montenegro | $2,000 | 0% |
| 87 | Trinidad/Tobago | $1,000 | 0% |
| 88 | Ghana | $1,000 | 0% |
| 89 | Bhutan | $1,000 | 0% |
A value of 0% in the right-most column means that 2024 data was unavailable.
Countries Enjoying Highest Surpluses from International Coal Trade
The following countries posted the highest positive net exports for coal during 2025. Investopedia defines net exports as the value of a country’s total exports minus the value of its total imports. Thus, the statistics below present the surplus between the value of each country’s exported coal and its import purchases for that same commodity.
- Australia: US$43.6 billion (net export surplus down -21.8% since 2024)
- Indonesia: $21.2 billion (down -21.2%)
- Russia: $18.3 billion (down -19.1%)
- United States: $9.6 billion (down -30.8%)
- Mongolia: $5.6 billion (down -34.9%)
- South Africa: $5.4 billion (down -8.9%)
- Canada: $4.7 billion (down -25.3%)
- Colombia: $4.1 billion (down -31.9%)
- Mozambique: $1.5 billion (down -15.9%)
- Kazakhstan: $531.8 million (up 16.4%)
- United Arab Emirates: $520.6 million (reversing a-$223.6 million deficit)
- Peru: $167.4 million (up 7.2%)
- Tanzania: $151.1 million (up 18.6%)
- Afghanistan: $84.7 million (down -4.4%)
- Venezuela: $56.7 million (down -21.4%)
World-leading coal supplier Australia generated the highest surplus in the international trade of coal. In turn, this positive cashflow confirms Australia’s strong competitive advantage for this specific product category.
Countries Incurring Worst Deficits from International Coal Trade
The following countries posted the highest negative net exports for coal during 2025. Investopedia defines net exports as the value of a country’s total exports minus the value of its total imports. Thus, the statistics below present the deficit between the value of each country’s imported coal purchases and its exports for that same commodity.
- India: -US$26.6 billion (net export deficit down -16.2% since 2024)
- mainland China: -$25.8 billion (down -34.3%)
- Japan: -$22.3 billion (down -25.3%)
- South Korea: -$12.4 billion (down -24.5%)
- Taiwan: -$6.2 billion (down -34%)
- Türkiye: -$4.6 billion (down -8.1%)
- Vietnam: -$4.2 billion (down -41.9%)
- Malaysia: -$4 billion (down -11.2%)
- Germany: -$3.8 billion (down -21.5%)
- Brazil: -$2.5 billion (down -20.3%)
- Philippines: -$2.3 billion (down -16.8%)
- Thailand: -$1.4 billion (down -12.2%)
- Bangladesh: -$1.28 billion (up 13.3%)
- Morocco: -$1.21 billion (up 12.6%)
- France: -$925 million (down -19.5%)
Densely populated India, mainland China and Japan racked up the highest deficits in the international trade of coal, ahead of a handful of fellow Asian countries. In turn, these negative cashflows highlight those traders’ competitive disadvantages for this specific product category but also signals opportunities for coal-supplying countries that help satisfy the powerful demand.
Major Coal Exporting Companies
Below are global coal-processing conglomerates that represent established players engaged in the international trade of coal. The home country for each is shown within parenthesis.
- BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (Australia)
- Bumi Resources (Indonesia)
- China Kingho Group (China)
- DSM (Netherlands)
- Exxaro Resources (South Africa)
- Kompania Węglowa (Poland)
- Peabody Energy (United States)
- Pioneer Coal Limited (Canada)
- Siberian Coal Energy Company (Russia)
- SouthGobi Resources (Mongolia)
See also Average Coal Prices Compared for Top Coal Exporters by Country, Coal Imports by Country, Crude Oil Exports by Country, Petroleum Gas Exports by Country and Best Solar & Wind Exporters Powering International Energy Sales
Research Sources:
Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook Field Listing: Exports – Commodities. Accessed on May 25, 2026
International Trade Centre, Trade Map. Accessed on May 25, 2026
Wikipedia, Category: Coal companies by country. Accessed on May 25, 2026
Wikipedia, Coal. Accessed on May 25, 2026
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