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(Bloomberg) — Volkswagen AG Chief Executive Officer Oliver Blume is facing an uphill battle to push through a fundamental overhaul of Europe’s biggest carmaker after failing to win initial backing from the supervisory board.

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Blume’s deliberations, including additional job cuts, plant closures in Germany and possibly even a carve-out of the VW brand from the rest of the sprawling carmaker, was rejected by 12 of the 19 supervisory board members at a meeting Thursday in Wolfsburg, according to local media reports.

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Without the support of labor representatives, who account for 10 of the board seats, and the state government of Lower Saxony as the company’s second-largest shareholder, the prospects for his far-reaching restructuring plan are uncertain.

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The company, which also owns Audi and controls Porsche, outlined only vague goals following Thursday’s meeting. It pledged to reduce complexity across its vast product offerings, with a goal of concentrating the lineup on the most attractive market segments.

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There was “no indication of progress towards an agreement having been reached on either plant closures, five-year investment plan or additional headcount reduction,” Jefferies analyst Philippe Houchois said in a note to clients.

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As a result, news that the company plans to halve the model lineup was met with a shrug. VW’s preference shares, which are down by almost a third this year, were little changed Friday.

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While change at VW is always hard-won due to its unique structure, the challenges to its industrial future have rarely been greater. Profits from China are unlikely to recover as local rivals like BYD Co. win over buyers, and US tariffs sap returns at the luxury Audi and Porsche nameplates. 

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VW has been struggling to bring down carmaking costs in Germany, which are estimated to be about two-thirds higher than in other locations such as Portugal and Spain, according to Jefferies.

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High labor and energy costs as well as bureaucratic burdens are key drivers, alongside a workforce accustomed to generous bonuses and the power base to protect its interests.

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Investors’ patience will be tested in coming months after Blume stumbled at the first major hurdle in his effort to revive eroding profits. The company’s market valuation continues to hover around a decade low of about €36 billion ($41.1 billion), meaning it’s trading at not much more than its net cash position.

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VW’s management board “is taking responsibility for the company’s sustainable future — at a time when the automotive industry is under intense pressure worldwide,” CEO Blume said Friday in a statement. The comeback plan is “positioning the group to be even more robust and competitive, even in a highly challenging global environment.” 

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Labor’s swift response was to heap more pressure on management. VW works council chairwoman and supervisory board member Daniela Cavallo issued an ultimatum that called on Blume to explain himself to the company’s workforce. Like other major corporations in Germany, VW runs on a system of co-determination with worker representatives that’s designed to foster long-term consensus.