Iranian Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei on Monday officially named six senior military leaders to new posts, formalizing a wartime shake-up as Tehran works to restore a command network battered by months of U.S. and Israeli attacks.

The new appointments, publicized by Khamenei’s office and amplified across social media, span Iran’s regular armed forces, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Basij paramilitary organization. A counterterrorism expert said both the timing and wording of the decrees suggest Iran is bracing for a “prolonged confrontation” rather than moving toward a deal with Washington.

“Strategically, the announcements made were issued in English, on X, while Iranian and Omani negotiators finalize the coordinates of a proposed shipping route through Hormuz, which is deliberate sequencing,” Dr. Omar Mohammed, director of the Antisemitism Research Initiative at George Washington University’s Program on Extremism, told News Outlet.

“Tehran is establishing its command structure as a fact on the ground before it signs anything.”

Mohammed also highlighted the wording used in the appointment notices, which attributed the deaths of the officials’ predecessors to what Tehran described as the “Zionist-American enemy.”

“That phrase, in formal state documents, codifies the United States as a co-belligerent,” Mohammed said.

Khamenei appointed Ali Abdollahi as chief of staff of the armed forces and Kioumars Heydari as his deputy. He also formally named Ahmad Vahidi commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, promoting him to the rank of major general.

Mostafa Izadi was named deputy IRGC commander, Ali Azmaei as commander of the IRGC Navy and Hossein Taeb as commander of the Basij. 

Mohammed said Vahidi was also instructed to maintain readiness for “powerful offensive operations against the enemy,” by the Supreme Leader, while Abdollahi was tasked with completing the integration of the General Staff into the Khatam al-Anbiya wartime joint command.

“States exiting a conflict dismantle their wartime command arrangements, but Iran is now institutionalizing its own,” Mohammed said. “The decrees here describe a leadership planning for a prolonged confrontation, not a settlement.”

Several of the newly appointed commanders have previously faced U.S. or European sanctions or allegations tied to terrorism and violent crackdowns.

Vahidi is the subject of an Interpol Red Notice requested by Argentina over his alleged involvement in the 1994 bombing of the AMIA Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, which killed 85 people.

Taeb, a former chief of the IRGC Intelligence Organization and former Basij commander, is on the U.S. Treasury Department’s sanctions list.

The United States first designated him in 2010 over serious human rights abuses following Iran’s disputed 2009 presidential election.

Heydari was also sanctioned by the United States in 2022 after the Treasury Department said he had publicly acknowledged his forces’ involvement in the violent response to Iran’s November 2019 protests, in which hundreds of protesters were killed. 

The European Union has also sanctioned him.

The reshuffle comes as Iran continues rebuilding its political and military leadership after a series of U.S. and Israeli strikes killed senior figures across the regime.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who had served as supreme leader since 1989, was killed in a Feb. 28 strike at the start of the war. Mojtaba Khamenei, was selected as Iran’s new supreme leader in March.

Ali Larijani, then secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council and a major figure in the country’s security and foreign policy establishment, and Gholamreza Soleimani, commander of the Basij, were killed in strikes on March 17.

The latest appointments come amid continuing questions about Mojtaba Khamenei’s health and public absence.

President Masoud Pezeshkian claimed Monday that he had held a nearly seven-hour meeting with Khamenei, only the second meeting the president has publicly disclosed since the new supreme leader took office, Iran International reported.

Khamenei has not appeared publicly since being selected in March and is believed to have been wounded in the Feb. 28 strike that killed his father.

Pezeshkian said the two discussed economic conditions, sanctions and other domestic challenges and that Khamenei emphasized the need for “unity and cohesion.”

The military rebuild, however, has not extended fully into Iran’s sensitive intelligence apparatus, according to Mohammed.

“The IRGC Intelligence Organization and its counterintelligence arm have no announced chiefs, and Iran has no permanent defense or intelligence ministers,” the expert said.

“The appointments require assigning responsibility for the counterintelligence failures that enabled the February decapitation.

“Whoever wins that argument — the supreme leader’s circle or the Guard’s institutional leadership — is the actor actually in control.”