JAKARTA: Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has called for stricter regulations and sanctions against slash-and-burn land clearances, branding the practice "ecological terrorism", as the country struggles to contain wildfires that have been raging for weeks.

Indonesia is battling its most intense wildfires in 11 years, with "super El Nino" weather conditions parching the country's forests and fields. The islands of Borneo and Sumatra have been the worst hit, with the hazardous haze causing a spike in respiratory illnesses.

Transboundary pollution has also caused unhealthy air conditions in neighbouring Singapore and Malaysia.

Prabowo, in a meeting with his Cabinet, said there will be zero tolerance for people or corporations found responsible for starting wildfires.

"I have asked the State Secretary and the Minister of Law to look into this further, specifically regarding legal sanctions," he said.

"And perhaps we should ask the House of Representatives to stiffen the laws, classifying this as 'ecological terrorism'. This is a very serious matter," he added, according to a palace statement issued late on Wednesday.

He also instructed regional governments to immediately abolish exemptions that allow smallholders to clear small plots of land using fire. Prabowo also called for the police to launch criminal investigations against corporations found to be violating fire safeguards.

On Thursday, Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi said it offered Indonesia a Bombardier aircraft, helicopters and personnel to help with the fires as he met with the country's vice president in Jakarta, state news agency Bernama reported.

POLICE LAUNCH INVESTIGATIONS

Following Prabowo's remarks, Indonesian police official Mohammad Irhamni told reporters on Thursday that police have launched 219 criminal investigations linked to the fires, with 162 people named as suspects so far. He added that the police were also investigating 95 companies, but he did not disclose how many of them are suspected of criminal offences.

"We in law enforcement are striving to identify the perpetrators of the burning, whether individuals or corporations, as this criminal act has already occurred and caused harm to the public," Irhamni said.

Indonesia has deployed more than 50 aircraft to conduct water bombing and cloud seeding operations to help battle the fires.

Japan also joined Indonesia's water bombing operations on Wednesday and Thursday. Japan sent over three CH-47 Chinook helicopters last week but poor flight conditions delayed their participation.

From January to July this year, fires raged across 202,000 hectares (almost 500,000 acres) of land, government data showed. Environmental group YKAN has estimated that fire damaged another 600,000 hectares (1.4 million acres) in August.

Forestry Minister Raja Juli Antoni warned that the wildfires could last until early November with the rainy season expected to arrive later than previously estimated.